The Essential Guide to Oil Spills: A Comprehensive Overview

The Essential Guide to Oil Spills: A Comprehensive Overview

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HTML Quick Key Facts:

  • Oil spills occur when crude oil is released into the surrounding environment, particularly oceans, and can threaten marine flora and fauna.
  • Roughly 706 million gallons of oil enter the ocean every year.
  • The Deepwater Horizon BP Oil Spill of 2010 released 210 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, making it the largest marine oil spill in U.S. history.
  • Animals like seabirds, otters, seals, whales, sea turtles, and fish are most impacted by oil spills.
  • Oil spills have environmental, health, and economic impacts on human beings and surrounding communities.
  • Cleaning up oil spills involves methods like booms, skimmers, dispersion, biological agents, and burning.

HTML What Is Oil?:

Crude oil or petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel that is used to generate electricity, heat homes, and fuel cars.

Petroleum products supply about 35% of energy in the U.S., with transportation accounting for the largest portion.

Burning oil releases greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

Oil is primarily found under the ocean floor and is accessed through drilling.

It is then transported to refineries where it is processed to create various products.

An estimated 706 million gallons of oil enter the ocean every year, causing significant impacts.

HTML Offshore Drilling: The Basics:

  • Oil spills are typically associated with offshore drilling operations that access underground pockets of oil and gas by drilling through the ocean floor.
  • In 2021, 15% of crude oil and 2% of gas were obtained from offshore drilling.
  • Offshore drilling requires leasing parcels of land from the government and navigating complex regulations.
  • Exploration occurs to find oil and gas reserves, followed by the construction of mobile offshore drilling units.
  • Oil is extracted, stored, processed, and transported to the coast via pipelines.
  • The majority of offshore drilling in the U.S. occurs in Alaska, the Pacific Coast, and the Gulf of Mexico.

HTML How Do Oil Spills Happen?:

Oil spills can occur in oceans, lakes, or rivers during drilling, refining, or transportation processes.

Large spills are often caused by human error, equipment malfunction, natural disasters, or deliberate acts.

Abandoned oil wells are also a major source of oil spills.

After a spill, oil spreads across the water’s surface, forming an “oil slick.”

HTML Historic Oil Spills:

Santa Barbara Oil Spill:

This 1969 spill near Santa Barbara, California was the worst oil spill in history at the time.

About 4 million gallons of oil flowed into the Santa Barbara Channel, causing significant environmental damage.

This disaster led to increased environmental action and the creation of policies regarding offshore drilling safety.

Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill:

In 1978, an oil tanker owned by Amoco spilled 69 million gallons of oil off the coast of Brittany, France.

The spill resulted in the pollution of 200 miles of coastline and the death of numerous marine organisms.

Atlantic Empress Oil Spill:

The Atlantic Empress spill in 1979 off the coast of Trinidad and Tobago is considered the worst tanker oil spill in history.

An estimated 287,000 tons of crude oil was spilled, causing significant damage and loss of life.

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill:

In 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska.

The spill had devastating effects on the environment, including the death of marine life and pollution of the coastline.

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